Analysis-What are the Goals?
Three Different Types of Analysis

1. Needs-What is the problem?  Is there something that we are trying to achieve?  Is there a need for training? What is the root Cause (Is training really what is necessary or are other things causing the problems)?
   
2. Learner- What do we need to know about the population?  How can I relate the projects to the learners?  What are the learning styles, languages, demographics, levels of current education, motivation and attitude. How can I engage the students?
3. Task- There are four levels- Job,Task, Skill, Subskill.  What subjects need to be taught.  How are we going to teach the skills to the people: case study, gaming, critical incident, drill, job aid, lecture, simulation, role play, etc.)

Needs Analysis

• pretests
• Informal Observations
• Core Curriculum
• Test Data
• KWL

Learner Analysis

• Medical Needs
• Family
• Background Knowledge
• Language
• Culture
• Motivation
• Surveys
• Skywards
• Records
• Attendance
• Data Dashboards
• Aimsweb
• CFA
• Motivation
  
• Listening

Task Analysis

•  Seeing task from learners point of view
• Job
• Task
  
• Skill
• Subskill
• timeline
• Have the end in mind
• lesson plans (hook, objective
  

Command F-Find

kindle.amazon.com- Will show all of the books that I have on my kindle account.

Presentations
Dick and Carey Systems Approach- Overall view of instructions- break it down into little parts.  Focuses on skills, knowledge, and attitudes. What do you want them to do? What do they need to know in order to do that task? Keep background knowledge in mind. Analyze what the students learned and didn't learn, then repeat the process. Pros-prior skills, prior experience, basic demographics. Cons-Teach to the test, not a wide range of activities, presumes that learning is predictable and reliable.

Reigeluth's Elaboration Theory
Going from the big picture and then zooming in. 7 steps:

• Sequencing
•  Organize
•  Summarize
•  Synthesize
•  Analogy
• Cognitive Strategy Activator (imbedded and detached)
• Learner Control (learner gets freedom).
  

Pros Strategies, Building blocks, honors student knowledge, fosters motivation. Cons-More of a model or design, limited to only three types of knowledge (theories, procedures, and concepts),

Merrill's  Model-First Principles of instruction:
Problem

• activate prior knowledge
• demonstration
• Application
• Integration

Pros-hands on
Cons-if any stage breaks down, the rest will break too.

Ragan and Smith-Instructional Design Model

• Analysis and Assessment comes prior to development of instruction:context analysis
• Needs assessment
• environment

Trying to balance between instructional strategies to learner strategies
Apply background knowledge to the task we are trying to teach.  Assimilate knowledge


Three stages:

• Analysis
• Strategy
• EvaluationDesign First, Then Develop, Then strategies, Then Evaluate (Assess, Assess, Assess)

This is a framework to help understand other Models

Kemp-
Nine different components to design-
Instructional Problems 
Learners Characteristics
Task Analysis
Instructiona

Pros-Allows for improvements, analyzing content, characteristics of individual learners, documenting,
Cons-focus on production rather than implementation, too many details, time intensive.

Kirkpatrick
Business Format-
Evaluating well did I do?
Will the product sell?

4 Steps-

• Reaction    To what degree participants react favorably to the learning effect, Face to Face, Right Away-Immediate
• Learning- To what degree participants acquire the intended knowledge
• Transfer-To what degree participants apply what they learned during training when they are back on the job.
• Results-To what degree targeted outcome occur, as a result of the learning event and subsequent

Pros- Cheap and simple, fast, easily learned, real world
Cons-Not applicable to all classro0ms, too simple

Backward Design-(understanding by design)

• Identify desired results (Core)
  
• Determine acceptable evidence (valid, reliable, sufficient, authentic work, feasible, student friendly)
  
• Plan learning experiences and instruction (where is it going to go?)

Pros-Hit big rocks first, then fills jar with small rocks, multiple assessments, Bloom's Taxonomy
Cons-time consuming, labor intensive

Rapid Prototyping Model

• Assess needs
• Set Objectives
• Construct Prototype (Design)
• Utilize Prototype
• Install and Maintain System

Pros- Encourages active student participation in the design process, Increase creativity
Cons-It doesn't replicate the real thing

ADDIE-
Common sense, ensures clarity of instruction, it is research based.

Analysis
Design
Development
Implementation
Evaluation

Basic Steps
Analyze needs
Design Instruction
Develop materials
Implement the Instruction
Evaluate

Analysis
Discover any existing materials
Define measurable goals
conduct an instructional analysis
analyze learners and the content
write learning objectives

Design
Write the objectives
construct course content
choose a course format
create an instructional strategy
design assessments
complete design plan

Development
Actual creation or production of the content and learning materials blueprinted in the design phase

If e-learning is involved, development and integration of technologies happens.

Create sample instruction and conduct a run-through.  Determine feedback assessments and time needed.

Implementation
Plan is put into action:
Train the instructor
Objectives...
activities...
media...
assessment...

arrange learning environment technology ready and working...
handouts ready...

Evaluation
Formative and Summative evaluations
Formative is present in each stage of the addie process
Summative evaluation consists of test designed for the specific domain

Do's and Don'ts
Perform a proper analysis to discover true needs that set clear objectives.
Have clear objectives
Don't skip critical ADDIE steps
Don't insert excessive content into content space
Don't cram multiple objectives into a single objective
Don't create poor course objectives in the interest of saving time

Why Do we need to Curriculum Map?
Pacing
Time management
Some subjects build upon other topics
Helps to integrate subjects
Sharing Materials
Collaboration with other grades


Thematic Units (Math, Social Studies, Science, Language

• Involve a group of correlated activities that ares designed around topics or themes and cross several areas of curriculum
• Thematic units provides a way to integrate new ideas with our already effective teaching units.
• Thematic units address the diverse learning styles of the students we serve
• Thematic unites can be planned around a book theme, an author study, or any topic that has interest for students.
• The connections can be made among different subject areas, including math, science, social studies, and literacy as well as art, music, dramatic play and physical activities.

10 Key Reasons to use thematic units

1. Increase effective use of computers and technology
2. Compacts the curriculum
3. Demonstrates the interdisciplinary nature of learning
4. Increases student interest in learning and time engaged
5. Expands your assessment strategies
6. Utilizes collaborative and cooperative learning
7. Focuses the learner on the mastery of objectives
8. Integrates word processing skills into creative activities
9. Models for students the resources used in research
10. Can safely control web access for students 

Components of a Thematic Unit
Theme
Select an appropriate theme reflecting topics (curriculum0, student interests, experiences, issues, or problems

Grade Level Appropriateness

Focus
Develop a one-sentence focus statement to clarify what you want your theme to be

Objective
Identify three or four specific objectives you wish students to master

Materials and Resources
It is advantageous to determine all the necessary materials and resources

General Activities
Develp[ activities you wish to use throughout the unit.  For the most part, these activities will be broad-based.

Discussion Questions
Include a variety of open-ended questions that help students thing about the topic in a varied way

Literature Selections
Select books related to the topic of each statement

Culminating Activity
egages students in a meaningful summarization of their discoveries and leads to new ideas, understandings, and connections

Evaluation
Avoid Pencil/Paper Tests. Devise appropriate means of evaluating student progress throughout the unit.

ISD=Instructional System Designs

ISD is really often nothing more than commons sense with a plan.

B.F. Skinner- Skinner basically provided a way for students to practice and give feedback.  Skinner was all about behavior and psychology.

Benjamin Bloom-Bloom's Taxonomy-  Bloom created levels of cognition.  Bloom taxonomy specializes in a sequence of questioning to create remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating.

Gagne-Nine Events of Instruction-These follow JPAS almost exactly.